باب ما جاءَ أنّ الأعْمَال بالنِّيَّةِ والحِسْبَةِ ولِكُلِّ امرِىء ما نَوَى فَدَخَلَ فيهِ الإيمانُ والوضُوء والصَّلاةُ والزَّكاةُ والحَجُّ والصَّوْم والأحْكامُ وقال الله تعالى قُلْ كُلٌّ يَعْمَل على شاكِلَتِهِ على نيَّتِهِ ونفَقَةُ الرَّجُلِ على أهْلِهِ يَحْتَسِبُهَا صَدَقَةً قال النَّبيُّ ولَكِنْ جهِادٌ ونِيَّةٌ

Chapter (Bâb) 42 : What came in the saying “The reward of deeds depends upon the intention and seeking the reward from Allâh. And every person will have reward according to what he has intended”. And this includes Faith, Ablution, Salâh, Fasting, Zakâh, Hajj and other commands of Allâh and Allâh Ta’âlâ said: “Each one does (deeds) according to his intentions and the spending of a man for his family with the intention of having reward from Allâh, will be rewarded as alms (Sadqah). And the Prophet (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) said: “But Jihâd and intention”.

Purpose of Tarjamatul Bâb

As per Imâm Bukhari a deed will fetch reward only if it is done with sincere intention (Niyyat) with the sole aim of seeking reward from Allâh (Hisbat).

Hadith No. 52

حدّثنا ( عبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ مَسْلَمَة ) َ قال أخْبَرَنَا ( مالِك ) ٌ عنْ ( يَحْيَى بنِ سَعِيد ) ٍ عنْ ( مُحَمّدِ بنِ إِبْرَاهِيم ) َ عن ( عَلْقَمَةَ بنِ وَقَّاص ) ٍ عنْ ( عُمَر ) َ أنّ رسولَ اللَّهِ قال الأَعْمَالُ بالنِّيَّةِ ولِكُلِّ امْرِىءٍ ما نَوَى فَمَنْ كانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إلى اللَّهِ ورسولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إلى اللَّهِ ورسولِهِ ومَنْ كانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ لدنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أو امْرَأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُها فَهِجْرَتُهُ إلى ما هاجَرَ إِليهِ

Narrated by Hadhrat Umar bin Khattab (RA)

Allâh’s Apostle (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) said, "The reward of deeds depends upon the intention and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended. So whoever emigrated for Allâh and His Apostle, his emigration was for Allâh and His Apostle. And whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration was for what he emigrated for."

Hadith No. 53

حدّثنا ( حَجَّاجُ بنُ مِنْهَال ) ٍ قال حدّثنا ( شُعْبَة ) ُ قال أخْبَرَنِي ( عَدِيُّ بنُ ثابِت ) ٍ قال سَمِعْتُ ( عبَد اللَّهِ بنَ يَزِيد ) َ عنْ ( أبي مَسْعُود ) ٍ عنِ النبيِّ قال إذا أنْفَقَ الرَّجُلُ على أهْلِهِ يَحْتَسِبُها فَهُوَ لَهُ صَدَقَةٌ

Narrated by Hadhrat Abu Mas’ud (RA)

The Prophet (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) said, "If a man spends on his family (with the intention of having a reward from Allâh) sincerely for Allâh's sake then it is a (kind of) alms-giving in reward for him.

Hadith No. 54

حدّثنا ( الحَكَمُ بنُ نافع ) ٍ قال أخْبَرَنَا ( شُعَيْب ) ٌ عنِ ( الزُّهْرِي ) ِّ قال حدّثني ( عامِرُ بنُ سَعْد ) ٍ عنْ ( سَعْدِ بنِ أبي وَقاص ) ٍ أنَّهُ أخْبَرَهُ أنّ رسول اللَّهِ قال إنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِها وَجْهَ اللَّهِ إلاَّ أُجِرْتَ عَليْها حتَّى ما تَجْعَلُ فِي فم امْرَأَتِكَ

Narrated by Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (RA)

Allâh’s Apostle (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) said, "You will be rewarded for whatever you spend for Allâh's sake even if it were a morsel which you put in your wife's mouth."

Comments

What came in the saying “the reward of the deeds depends upon the intention and seeking the reward from Allâh.

This is the first part of Tarjamatul Bâb. al-Hisbah (الحسبة) means to do a deed with the intention of seeking reward from Allâh. Ibn Hajar says that Imâm Bukhari considers Imân as a deed, so according to him Niyyat or intention is necessary for it (Imân) as well as it is required for rest of the deeds like Salâh, Zakâh and Hajj etc. Ibn Hajar further says that if Imân is taken as testifying by heart (Tasdeeq), then Niyyat is not needed for it as one does not make intention for fear and love of Allâh. The same view is held by Hanafi school of thought that Niyyat is not needed for Imân.

There is consensus among the Ummah that Niyyat is important for deeds like Salâh, Zakâh, Saum (fasting) and Hajj etc., but there is difference of opinion as to whether it is important for Wudhu or not. Imâm Bukhari has included Wudhu also in those deeds for which Niyyat is a must while as according to Hanafi school of thought actual deed is Salâh for which Niyyat is a must and since Wudhu is for Salâh and is not aimed primarily, hence it is not necessary to make Niyyat for it i.e., they say that Wudhu is not “independent purpose” (مقصود بالذات).

Ibn Hajar says that Niyyat is important in all those deeds which are done mutually like trade, Nikah and Talâq etc. Allâmah Aini does not agree with Ibn Hajar on this point.

قُلْ كُلٌّ يَعْمَلُ عَلَى شَاكِلَتِهِ

Say: "Everyone acts according to his own disposition: but your Lord knows best who it is that is best guided on the Way." (17:84)

In this verse the word Shakilatihi (شَاكِلَتِه) has been translated by Imâm Bukhari as intention. Then the meaning of the verse would be that everyone acts as per his intention. Same translation has been quoted from Hasani Bisri and Qatâdah whereas Mujâhid translates it as nature (طبيعات). In short it would mean that every one acts as per his intention, nature and religion and Allâh, being all knowing, knows the best as to who is on the right path.

Spending on one’s family

And the spending of a man on his family with the intention of having a reward from Allâh, will be rewarded as alms (Sadqah).

This is related to the second part of the Tarjamatul Bâb i.e., Al-Hisbah. It means that if one feeds his family and at the same time makes the intention of seeking reward from Allâh, it will fetch him more reward.

"But Jihâd and intention."

This is related to the third part of the Tarjamatul Bâb. This is the part of a Hadith from Ibn Abbas (RA) in which he says that after the victory of Makkah, when people embraced Islâm they felt regretted not having embraced Islâm earlier so that they could also have got the reward of Hijrah (migration). On this Rasulullah (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) said:

لا هجرة بعد الفتح و لكن جهاد و نية

"There is no Hijrah (migration) after victory (of Makkah), but Jihâd and intention."

Ulema say that it means that though there is no Hijrah now but one can still get reward by making the Niyyat for his deeds and also by participating in Jihâd in which also one has to leave the home.

باب قَوْلِ النبيِّ الدِّينُ النَّصِيحَةُ للَّهِ ولِرَسُولِهِ ولأَئِمَّةِ المُسْلِمِينَ وعامَّتِهِمْ وقولِهِ تعالى إذا نَصَحُوا للَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ

Chapter (Bâb) 43 : The saying of the Prophet (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) “religion is exhortation to Allâh, to Allâh’s Apostle (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam), to the leaders of Muslims and to the common Muslims”. And the saying of Allâh, “If they are sincere (in duty) to Allâh and His Apostle (9:91)

Purpose of Tarjamatul Bâb and its status

Imâm Bukhari has ended the Kitab-ul-Imân (chapter on faith) with a very comprehensive and great Hadith. The words of the Tarjamatul Bâb are the words of Hadith but Imâm Bukhari has not included this Hadith in his book whereas Imâm Muslim has mentioned this Hadith in Muslim Sharief. Imâm Muhammad bin Aslam al-Toosi has included this Hadith in those four Ahâdith which he believed enough for one's Deen. Imâm Nawawi says that this Hadith alone is enough.

Hadith No. 55

حدّثنا ( مُسَدَّد ) ٌ قالَ حدّثنا ( يَحْيَى ) عَنْ ( إسْمَاعِيل ) َ قالَ حدّثني ( قَيْسُ بنُ أبي حَازِم ) ٍ عَنْ ( جَرِيرِ بْنِ عبْدِ اللَّه ) ِ قال بَايَعْتُ رسولَ اللَّهِ علَى إِقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ وإِيتَاءِ الزَّكاةِ والنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ

Narrated by Hadhrat Jarir bin Abdullah (RA)

I made the pledge of allegiance to Allâh's Apostle (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) for the following:

1. offer prayers perfectly

2. pay the Zakâh (obligatory charity)

3. and be sincere and true to every Muslim.

Hadith No. 56

حدّثنا ( أبُو النُّعْمان ) ِ قال حدثنا ( أبُو عَوَانَة ) َ عَنْ ( زِيَادِ بْنِ عِلاقَة ) َ قال سَمِعْتُ جَرِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ مَاتَ المُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَامَ فَحمِدَ اللَّهَ وأثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وقالَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِإِتّقَاءِ اللَّهِ وحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ والوَقَارِ والسَّكِينَةِ حَتَّى يأْتِيَكُمُ أميرٌ فإِنَّماَ يأْتِيكُمْ الآْنَ ثُمَّ قالَ اسْتَعْفُوا لامِيركُمْ فإِنَّهُ كانَ يُحِبُّ العَفْوَ ثُمَّ قالَ أمّا بَعْدُ فإِنِّي أتَيْتُ النبيِّ قُلْتُ أُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى الإِسْلاَمِ فَشَرَطَ عَلَيَّ والنُّصْحِ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ فَبَايَعْتُهُ عَلَى هَذَا ورَبِّ هَذَا المَسْجِدِ إنِّي لَنَاصِحٌ لَكُمْ ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ وَنَزَلَ

Narrated by Ziyâb bin Ilâqa (RA)

I heard Jarir bin 'Abdullah (Praising Allâh). On the day when Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba died, he (Jarir) got up (on the pulpit) and thanked and praised Allâh and said, "Be afraid of Allâh alone Who has none along with Him to be worshipped. (You should) be calm and quiet till the (new) cheif comes to you and he will come to you soon. Ask Allâh's forgiveness for your (late) cheif because he himself loved to forgive others." Jarir added, "Amma badu (now then), I went to the Prophet and said, 'I give my pledge of allegiance to you for Islâm." The Prophet conditioned (my pledge) for me to be sincere and true to every Muslim so I gave my pledge to him for this. By the Lord of this mosque! I am sincere and true to you (Muslims). Then Jarir asked for Allâh's forgiveness and came down (from the pulpit).

Comments

To be sincere to Allâh

Ibn Hajar quotes in Fathul Bâri that once the Disciples of Hadhrat Eisâ (AS) asked him ,"O! Roohullah, who is Nâsih (ناصح) to Allâh?" (When this word "An-Naseehah" is used in relation to Allâh, it does not mean advice, as Allâh needs no adviser.) Hadhrat Eisâ (AS) said, "One who gives preference to the rights of Allâh over the rights of people. Being sincere to Allâh means to believe in Him as taught by Rasulullah not to attribute any partners to Him, to follow His commands sincerely, to refrain from His forbidden things and to love and fear Him.

To be sincere to al-Qur’ân

To believe that it is the word of Allâh, its every word is guarded by Allâh from any addition or alteration and that it is not like the word of creation. To recite it with Imân and Ahtesâb and to take lessons from it.

To be sincere to Allâh’s Apostle (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam)

It means to believe in everything that Rasulullah (Sallallâhu Alaihi Wasallam) came with. To believe him as the seal of Prophethood and to follow his Sunnah sincerely.

To be sincere to the Imâms (leaders and rulers) of Muslims

It means to obey them as long as they do not order that thing which is sinful in Shari'ah, to offer Salâh behind them and to advise them if found to be negligent.

Ulema and Mujtahideen can also be included in this category.

To be sincere to the common Muslims

It means to teach them Deen, be kind to them, wish for them as one wishes for one's own self and to exhort them for the right things and to stop them from bad things etc.

Al-Hamdulillah– Kitaabul Imaan has ended here.