باب: ما يذكر في المناولة، وكتاب أهل العلم بالعلم إلى البلدان-
وقال أنس: نسخ عثمان المصاحف فبعث بها إلى الآفاق.
ورأى عبد الله بن عمر ويحيى بن سعيد ومالك ذلك جائزا. واحتج بعض أهل الحجاز في المناولة بحديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، حيث كتب لأمير السرية كتابا وقال: (لا تقرأه حتى تبلغ مكان كذا وكذا). فلما بلغ ذلك المكان قرأه على الناس، وأخبرهم بأمر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
Chapter 7 : What is mentioned regarding the hand to hand exchange (of books of knowledge), and the writing of knowledge by religious scholars to the countries.
Anas said that ‘Uthman got the Qur'an compiled and sent copies to far-off places. Abdullah bin Umar, Yahya bin Sa'id and Malik consider it permissible. Some people of Hijaz objected this opinion depending on the narration of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), when Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) got some instructions written to be given to the commander of the army, and told him (the commander) not to read them till he had reached such and such place. When that commander reached that place he read out what had been written to the people and informed them about the matter of Propeht (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).

Hadith No. 61
حدثنا إسماعيل بن عبد الله قال: حدثني إبراهيم بن سعد، عن صالح، عن أبي شهاب، عن عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود: أن عبد الله بن عباس أخبره:
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعث بكتابه رجلا، وأمره أن يدفعه إلى عظيم البحرين، فدفعه عظيم البحرين إلى كسرى، فلما قرأه مزقه، فحسبت أن ابن المسيب قال: فدعا عليهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يمزقوا كل ممزق.

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Abbas
Once Allah's Apostle gave a letter to a person and ordered him to go and deliver it to the Governor of Bahrain. (He did so) and the Governor of Bahrain sent it to Chousroes, who read that letter and then tore it to pieces. (The sub-narrator (Ibn Shihab) thinks that Ibn Al-Musaiyab said that Allah's Apostle invoked Allah against them (saying), "May Allah tear them into pieces, and disperse them all totally.)"

Purpose of the Tarjamatul Baab
In previous two chapters Imam Bukhari mentioned two ways of narrating the Hadith from a teachers and in this chapter he is mentioning further two methods i.e., Munawalah and Mukatabah.

What is Munawalah?
Munawalah is that the teacher gives his narrations of Hadith in a written form to his student and tells him that these are his narrations. Second type of Munawalah is that the student writes the document of Hadith from his teaches and then shows it to him; the teaches testifies the document after checking it.

What is Mukatabah?
Mukatabah is that the teacher sends his narrations to the student in a written form.
Imam Bukhari argues about the credence of Munawalah and Mukatabah by quoting an example of Hadhrat Usman who compiled the Qur'an in written form and then sent to various cities. The second proof given by Imam Bukhari in this regard is the letter written by Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and given to the head of a secret mission (Abdullah bin Jahash) where Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) directed him to read the letter after reaching to a particular place on his way.

Comments
Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) started writing letters to various kings after the peace treaty of Hudaibiyah, which took place in 6th Hijra between Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and the infidels of Makkah, inviting them to the fold of Islam. The letter mentioned in this Hadith was given to a distinguished companion of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), Abdullah bin Huzafa Sahmi. He was told to deliver that letter to the governor of Bahrain. This letter was addressed to the king of Persia, called Chousroes. During those days Bahrain under Persia, so it was easy to send the letter to the king of Persia through the governor of Bahrain. The governor of Bahrain handed that letter to the Chousroes, whose name was Purvaiz bin Harmuz bin Nowsheerwan. This man i.e., Purvaiz bin Harmuz bin Nowsheerwan, tore the letter of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) into pieces.

The fate of Chousroes dynasty
The governor of Bahrain handed over the letter of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) to Chousroes in which Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) had invited him to accept the true religion of Islam. Chousroes tore the letter into pieces. When this news reached Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), he (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) prayed to Allah that Chousroes may be torn into pieces the way he tore his letter. After sometime Chousroes was killed by his son Shairuviya. Later Shairu killed all possible heirs to the throne. Shairu himself died because of poison that Chuousroes had kept in his treasury labeled as medicine for increasing the sexual strength. Shairuviya died after six months after taking this poison. In this way the whole dynasty of Chuosroes got finished which had ruled Persia for centuries.

Hadith No. 62
حدثنا محمد بن مقاتل أبو الحسن: أخبرنا عبد الله قال: أخبرنا شعبة، عن قتادة، عن أنس بن مالك قال: كتب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كتابا - أو أراد أن يكتب - فقيل له: إنهم لا يقرؤون كتابا إلا مختوما، فاتخذ خاتما من فضة، نقشه: محمد رسول الله، كأني أنظر إلى بياضه في يده. فقلت لقتادة: من قال نقشه محمد رسول الله؟ قال: أنس

Narrated Anas bin Malik
Once the Prophet wrote a letter or had an idea of writing a letter. The Prophet was told that they (rulers) would not read letters unless they were sealed. So the Prophet got a silver ring made with "Muhammad Allah's Apostle" engraved on it. As if I were just observing its white glitter in the hand of the Prophet.

Purpose of getting this Hadith here
Imam Bukhari wants to convey that it is better to authenticate a letter or any written document with proper seal.

Comments
After the peace treaty of Hudaibiyah Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) started writing letters to various kings. He (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) was told that the kings do not entertain the letters which are not properly stamped by the sender. So Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) got a seal made, it was a silver ring on which Muhammad-ur-Rasulullah was engraved in three lines in such a way that Allah was written in uppermost line, Rasul in central line and Muhammad in the lower line. It was done so to keep the name of Allah at the top. It is reported that the seal was made by Ya'li bin Ummaya.

باب: من قعد حيث ينتهي به المجلس، ومن رأى فرجة في الحلقة فجلس فيها
Chapter 8 : That who sat a the farther end of a council. And that who found a place amongst a gathering and took his seat there.

Hadith No. 63
حدثنا إسماعيل قال: حدثني مالك، عن إسحاق بن عبد الله بن أبي طلحة: أن أبا مرة مولى عقيل بن أبي طالب أخبره: عن أبي واقد الليثي: أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بينما هو جالس في المسجد والناس معه، إذ أقبل ثلاثة نفر، فأقبل إثنان إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وذهب واحد، قال: فوقفا على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فأما أحدهما: فرأى فرجة في الحلقة فجلس فيها، وأما الآخر: فجلس خلفهم، وأما الثالث فأدبر ذاهبا، فلما فرغ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: (ألا أخبركم عن النفر الثلاثة؟ أما أحدهم فأوى إلى الله فآواه الله، وأما الآخر فاستحيا فاستحيا الله منه، وأما الآخر فأعرض فأعرض الله عنه).

Narrated Abu Waqid Al-Laithi:
While Allah's Apostle was sitting in the mosque with some people, three men came. Two of them came in front of Allah's Apostle and the third one went away. The two persons kept on standing before Allah's Apostle for a while and then one of them found a place in the circle and sat there while the other sat behind the gathering, and the third one went away. When Allah's Apostle finished his preaching, he said, "Shall I tell you about these three persons? One of them be-took himself to Allah, so Allah took him into His grace and mercy and accommodated him, the second felt shy from Allah, so Allah sheltered Him in His mercy (and did not punish him), while the third turned his face from Allah and went away, so Allah turned His face from him likewise. "

Purpose of Tarjamatul Baab
In these chapters Imam Bukhari is teaching the etiquettes of a teacher and a student. Here Imam Bukhari is teaching the etiquettes to a student as to how he should attend his class.

Comments
Abu Waqid Al-Laithi (narrator of the Hadith)
He is amongst the famous Sahaba, Imam Bukhari and Ibn Hiban consider him from the people of Badr. There are 24 Ahaadith quoted on his authority out of which one is agreed upon. He died in 68 Hijra.
Three people came to Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) when he (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) was teaching the Sahaba. One person saw some vacant space in the circle and he adjusted himself there. Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) later on said about this person that since this man came towards Allah's apostle, so Allah took him in His grace and mercy. The second person did not find any vacant space where he could sit, he felt shy and sat behind the gathering. "He felt shy", scholars have given two opinions about its meaning. One is that he felt shy from running away from the gathering of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam). Others say that he felt shy in trespassing the people over their shoulders, so he sat at the back. Since he did not run away, so Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said that Allah
Cont'd on page 32
Cont'd from page 10
also sheltered him in His mercy. The third person turned his face away from Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and left, so Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said that Allah also turned away from him i.e., became angry with him.
[The lessons derived by Ibn Hajr from this Hadith
It shows the significance of sitting in the gatherings where Deen is being taught.
It is preferable to sit in a circle in a religious gathering.
It is preferable to sit and fill the gap if any present so that no gap is left.
It is permissible to mention the harmful effects of bad deeds, it does not come in the backbiting if mention is made with the intention of reforming others.