Lesson From The Bukhari Sharief

باب تَحْرِيضِ النَّبِىِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وَفْدَ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ عَلَى أَنْ يَحْفَظُوا الإِيمَانَ وَالْعِلْمَ وَيُخْبِرُوا مَنْ وَرَاءَهُمْ .
وَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الْحُوَيْرِثِ قَالَ لَنَا النَّبِىُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ارْجِعُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيكُمْ ، فَعَلِّمُوهُمْ
Chapter 25 : The Prophet's (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) exhortation to the delegation of Abdul Qais for memorizing the faith and knowledge and to inform people back home.
And Maalik bin al-Huwairis said that the Propeht (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) told us, "Go back to your families and teach them".

Purpose of Tarjamatul Baab
Here Imam Bukhari wants to emphasize the importance of learning and preaching and that for preaching it is not a must that one should be a perfect scholar and then he can preach; the delegates from the tribe of Abdul Qais learnt few things and wanted to preach the same to their fellow people as is evident from the statement of Malik bin al Huwiaris.

Hadith No. 86
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِى جَمْرَةَ قَالَ كُنْتُ أُتَرْجِمُ بَيْنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ وَفْدَ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ أَتَوُا النَّبِىَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فَقَالَ مَنِ الْوَفْدُ - أَوْ مَنِ الْقَوْمُ . قَالُوا رَبِيعَةُ . فَقَالَ مَرْحَبًا بِالْقَوْمِ - أَوْ بِالْوَفْدِ - غَيْرَ خَزَايَا وَلاَ نَدَامَى . قَالُوا إِنَّا نَأْتِيكَ مِنْ شُقَّةٍ بَعِيدَةٍ ، وَبَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ هَذَا الْحَىُّ مِنْ كُفَّارِ مُضَرَ ، وَلاَ نَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ نَأْتِيَكَ إِلاَّ فِى شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ فَمُرْنَا بِأَمْرٍ نُخْبِرْ بِهِ مَنْ وَرَاءَنَا ، نَدْخُلُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ . فَأَمَرَهُمْ بِأَرْبَعٍ ، وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ أَمَرَهُمْ بِالإِيمَانِ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَحْدَهُ . قَالَ هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا الإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ . قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ . قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ ، وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ ، وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ ، وَتُعْطُوا الْخُمُسَ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ . وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْحَنْتَمِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ . قَالَ شُعْبَةُ رُبَّمَا قَالَ النَّقِيرِ ، وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ الْمُقَيَّرِ . قَالَ احْفَظُوهُ وَأَخْبِرُوهُ مَنْ وَرَاءَكُمْ

Narrated Abu Jamra (RA)
I was an interpreter between the people and Ibn 'Abbas. Once Ibn 'Abbas said that a delegation of the tribe of'Abdul Qais came to the Prophet who asked them, "Who are the people (i.e. you)? (Or) who are the delegates?" They replied, "We are from the tribe of Rabi'a." Then the Prophet said to them, "Welcome, O people (or said, "O delegation (of 'Abdul Qais).") Neither will you have disgrace nor will you regret." They said, "We have come to you from a distant place and there is the tribe of the infidels of Mudar intervening between you and us and we cannot come to you except in the sacred month. So please order us to do something good (religious deeds) and that we may also inform our people whom we have left behind (at home) and that we may enter Paradise (by acting on them.)" The Prophet ordered them to do four things, and forbade them from four things. He ordered them to believe in Allah Alone, the Honorable the Majestic and said to them, "Do you know what is meant by believing in Allah Alone?" They replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." Thereupon the Prophet said, "(That means to testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His Apostle, to offer prayers perfectly, to pay Zakat, to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan, (and) to pay Al-Khumus (one fifth of the booty to be given in Allah's cause)." Then he forbade them from four things, namely Ad-Dubba.' Hantam, Muzaffat (and) An-Naqir or Muqaiyar(These were the names of pots in which alcoholic drinks used to be prepared). The Prophet further said, "Memorize them (these instructions) and tell them to the people whom you have left behind."

Comments
Once a delegation from the tribe of Abdul Qais came to Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and told him that they belonged to a far of place from Madina and there was a tribe of infidels from the tribe of Mudhar on their way to Madina, so it was not possible for them to come to Madina except in the month of Muharram as people of Arab used to cease fighting even with their enemies in this month. They requested Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) to teach them about Islam so that they could practice those teachings and would teach their fellow tribesmen on their return. Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) advised them to practice four things and also to abstain from four things. The four things to be practiced were to have faith in Allah and to testify that He alone is worth worshipping and that Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) is His apostle, to offer Salaah five time a day, to pay Zakaah and to fast in the month of Ramadan. These things have been discussed in detail in Kitabul Iman. Then he forbade them from four things, namely ad-Dubba.' Hantam, Muzaffat (and) An-Naqir or Muqaiyar (These were the names of pots in which alcoholic drinks used to be prepared).

The Prophet further said, "Memorize them (these instructions) and tell them to the people whom you have left behind."
This Hadith tells us that one should try to memorize the teachings of Islam and then try to convey them to others.This statement of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) has been well taken by this Ummah and it is because of that you will see that this Ummah has produced innumerable number of Hufaaz(memorizers) of the holy Qur'an and Hadith in every century ,which is unparallel in human history. This Ummah has always been in the forefront in conveying the message of Truth to others and this is the result of the second part of the statement of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ,i.e;( and tell
them to the people whom you have left behind.)"

باب الرِّحْلَةِ فِى الْمَسْأَلَةِ النَّازِلَةِ وَتَعْلِيمِ أَهْلِهِ
Chapter 26 : To undertake journey seeking an answer to a problematic matter and to teach it to his family.

Purpose of Tarjamatul Baab
Here Imam Bukhari wants to tell us that if some one faces a problem and he does not know the instructions of Shariah about that particular thing, it is mandatory for him to go to a learned scholar and ask him about that thing even if he has to leave his home and to undertake a long journey in case no scholar is available in the close vicinity.

Hadith No. 87
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُقَاتِلٍ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِى حُسَيْنٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِى مُلَيْكَةَ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةً لأَبِى إِهَابِ بْنِ عَزِيزٍ ، فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّى قَدْ أَرْضَعْتُ عُقْبَةَ وَالَّتِى تَزَوَّجَ بِهَا . فَقَالَ لَهَا عُقْبَةُ مَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكِ أَرْضَعْتِنِى وَلاَ أَخْبَرْتِنِى . فَرَكِبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَسَأَلَهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - كَيْفَ وَقَدْ قِيلَ . فَفَارَقَهَا عُقْبَةُ ، وَنَكَحَتْ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ .

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Abi Mulaika (RA)
'Uqba bin Al-Harith said that he had married the daughter of Abi Ihab bin 'Aziz. Later on a woman came to him and said, "I have suckled (nursed) Uqba and the Woman, whom he married (his wife), at my breast." 'Uqba said to her, "Neither I knew that you have suckled (nursed) me nor did you tell me." Then he rode over to see Allah's Apostle at Madina, and asked him about it. Allah's Apostle said, "How can you keep her as a wife when it has been said (that she is your foster-sister)?" Then Uqba divorced her, and she married another man.

Comments
Uqba bin al Harith was a Makkan Sahaabi who embraced Islam at the time of victory of Makkah. He married a lady who was daughter of Abi Ihab bin Aziz bin Qais Tamimi. It is said that first funeral-Salaah(Jinaza-Salaah) which was offered in Masjid Haram was that of Abi Ihab bin Aziz. His daughter's name was Gunniya as per Ibn Hajr. When Uqba married this lady, another lady came and said to Uqba that she had breast fed both of them i.e., Uqba as well as the lady he had married and it is not permissible to marry a foster brother or sister. Uqba was not knowing that the lady he had married was his foster sister and in order to clear the issue he traveled from Makkah to Madina to ask Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) about the situation. Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) directed him to leave (i.e., divorce) that lady. Uqba did the same and that lady married another person whose name has been quoted as Zuraib by Ibn Hajr. This Hadith tells us that whenever we face any problem or have some doubt whose answer we do not know, we should ask the learned people even if we have to travel a long distance.

باب التَّنَاوُبِ فِى الْعِلْمِ
Chapter 27 : To fix turns for learning.

Purpose of Tarjamatul Baab
Here Imam Bukhari wants to exhort those people for seeking knowledge who cannot afford to spare full time for it. These people should make a time table and fix up some time in a week or a month for learning knowledge; rest of the time can be used for earning livelihood.

Hadith No. 88
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ ح قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِى ثَوْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَجَارٌ لِى مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فِى بَنِى أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، وَهْىَ مِنْ عَوَالِى الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَكُنَّا نَتَنَاوَبُ النُّزُولَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يَنْزِلُ يَوْمًا وَأَنْزِلُ يَوْمًا ، فَإِذَا نَزَلْتُ جِئْتُهُ بِخَبَرِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مِنَ الْوَحْىِ وَغَيْرِهِ ، وَإِذَا نَزَلَ فَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ، فَنَزَلَ صَاحِبِى الأَنْصَارِىُّ يَوْمَ نَوْبَتِهِ ، فَضَرَبَ بَابِى ضَرْبًا شَدِيدًا . فَقَالَ أَثَمَّ هُوَ فَفَزِعْتُ فَخَرَجْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ قَدْ حَدَثَ أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ . قَالَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ فَإِذَا هِىَ تَبْكِى فَقُلْتُ طَلَّقَكُنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قَالَتْ لاَ أَدْرِى . ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فَقُلْتُ وَأَنَا قَائِمٌ أَطَلَّقْتَ نِسَاءَكَ قَالَ لاَ . فَقُلْتُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ .

Narrated 'Umar (RA)
I and my Ansari neighbor from Bani Umaiya bin Zaid who used to live at 'Awali Al-Madina, used to visit the Prophet by turns. He used to go one day and I another day. When I went I used to bring the news of that day regarding the Divine Inspiration and other things, and when he went, he used to do the same for me. Once my Ansari friend, in his turn (on returning from the Prophet), knocked violently at my door and asked if I was there." I became horrified and came out to him. He said, "Today a great thing has happened." I then went to Hafsa and saw her weeping. I asked her, "Did Allah's Apostle divorce you all?" She replied, "I do not know." Then, I entered upon the Prophet and said while standing, "Have you divorced your wives?" The Prophet replied in the negative. On what I said, "Allahu-Akbar (Allah is Greater)."

Comments
Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) migrated to Madina from Makkah along with a group of Makkan Muslims called Muhajireen. These Muhajireen had left back everything like property, relatives and business etc., in Makkah. They had nothing in Madina. Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) established historical brotherhood between Makkans called Muhajireen and the Madinitis called Ansaar. This type of brotherhood is unparallel in history. One Makkan was made brother of one Ansaar. The Ansaar divided his property in two parts and gave one to his Makkan brother and treated him as his real brother in all respects. Hadhrat Umar in this Hadith says that he and his neighbor used to attend the class of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) by turns. One day Hadhrat Umar would attend his business and his neighbor would attend the class with Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and would tell all that he has listened from Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) to Hadhrat Umar in the evening. On the other day Hadhrat Umar would attend the class and his neighbor would go to his business. The name of this neighbor of Hadhrat Umar has been quoted as Utban bin Maalik by Ibn Hajr in Fathul-Bari. There is debate among Ulema whether this man was the Ansaar brother of Hadhrat Umar on the basis of brotherhood mentioned above or he was just a neighbor of Hadhrat Umar.
One day Utban bin Malik came running to Hadhrat Umar and knocked at his door violently. Hadhrat Umar got frightened as he thought that Utban had got some bad news from Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam). He thought that probably Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) had divorced his wives as that rumor was circulating in Madina those days. The wives of Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) were asking for more daily wages, that is why Hadhrat Umar thought that way and secondly his daughter Hafsa was also married to Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and that made him all the more concerned. He went running to Hafsa and asked her if Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) had divorced them. Hafsa was weeping and told him that she knew nothing of that sought. He went to see Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and asked him if he had divorced his wives, Rasulullah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said, no. Hadhrat Umar felt relieved and said with joy ‘Allahu Akbar'.

Lessons from this Hadith
Learning and earning can be combined and that earning should not become a hurdle to learn.
Collaboration with others to learn by turns is advisable. It should be tried if one cannot devout full time to learn.
A wife should not tease her husband by asking for more wages which her husband cannot afford.
One should first try to authenticate any news that he listens and not believe it blindly, as Hadhrat Umar first enquired and confirmed from Hafsa what he had listened from Utban bin Malik.
A timely separation of bed from one's wife can be used as a measure for her reformation.